The Long March to Innovation: R&D and Competitive Evolution in the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry -- by Chirantan Chatterjee, Aniruddh Bhaskaran, Matthew J. Higgins

We thank two anonymous referees, British, Indian, and Chinese industry thought-leaders and entrepreneurs for their inputs and comments. We also thank Bruno Versaevel at EMLYON HITS Institute, MIPLC (Max Planck Institute of Innovation and Competition) for their support. Higgins acknowledges support from the Louisiana Board of Regents Endowed Chairs for Eminent Scholars program. The paper is forthcoming as a chapter in Jonathan M. Barnett & Bowman Heiden (eds.), Competing for the Cure: Intellectual Property, Innovation Policy and Biopharmaceutical Ecosystems (Cambridge University Press 2027). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.

• October 14, 2026